Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming primary health care by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, strengthening clinical decision-making, improving triage efficiency, and expanding access to specialist-level services in underserved regions. As global deployment of AI medical tools accelerates—with more than 700 FDA-authorized AI devices approved by 2023—primary care stands at the forefront of benefiting from these innovations. Primary healthcare systems often face challenges such as high patient loads, workforce shortages, limited specialist availability, and fragmented data systems, particularly in low-resource settings. AI offers scalable solutions through machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and predictive analytics. These technologies support differential diagnosis, early disease detection, automated image interpretation, symptom assessment, and remote monitoring. AI-powered diagnostic platforms, including tools for diabetic retinopathy, tuberculosis, cervical cancer, and dermatological conditions, enable frontline providers to deliver timely and accurate screening without continuous specialist supervision. Clinical decision support systems help standardize care pathways, reduce diagnostic errors, and reinforce adherence to treatment guidelines. Patient-facing AI tools such as symptom checkers and virtual triage assistants extend care to the community, promoting early engagement and reducing unnecessary clinic visits. Additionally, AI-driven operational systems streamline administrative tasks, documentation, scheduling, and health record management, thereby reducing clinician workload and enabling greater focus on patient care. However, successful implementation requires addressing challenges related to data quality, privacy, infrastructure gaps, model transparency, algorithmic bias, ethical use, and regulatory oversight. The Indian primary care landscape provides both opportunities—due to large-scale digital health initiatives—and constraints related to workforce readiness and resource disparities. Overall, AI holds transformative potential to strengthen primary care delivery, improve health outcomes, and support equitable, cost-effective healthcare systems when integrated responsibly within ethical and policy frameworks.