Assessment and Evaluation in STEM Education in the Age of AI

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into educational settings has opened new frontiers in assessing and evaluating STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education. This chapter examines how AI technologies, including machine learning and natural language processing, can offer new opportunities in STEM assessment, such as the design of authentic STEM problems, automated scoring, personalized and dynamic assessments, sentiment analysis, providing timely feedback, and monitoring of student progress. In addition, it critically examines the challenges and limitations associated with AI-based assessment, including data representativeness, data privacy, curriculum alignment, reliability of automated scoring, transparency of assessment results, and the role of teachers. By discussing opportunities and challenges, the chapter provides an understanding of the transformative nature of AI-based assessment in STEM. Moreover, it offers practical insights for teachers, researchers, and policymakers about how AI can be integrated to enhance the effectiveness and fairness of STEM assessment practices.