Cleaning of Instruments

Disinfection and sterilization are essential processes in preventing healthcare-associated infections and ensuring patient safety during the use of reusable medical instruments. This chapter outlines the fundamental principles of cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization based on the Spaulding classification of critical, semi-critical, and non-critical devices. It reviews current methods of instrument reprocessing, including manual and automated cleaning, high-level disinfection, and modern sterilization technologies for heat-sensitive and complex medical devices. The chapter also discusses commonly used chemical disinfectants and sterilants, their advantages and limitations, and emphasizes the importance of adherence to manufacturer guidelines, infection control policies, and quality assurance measures in healthcare facilities.