Hysteroscope

Hysteroscopy represents a cornerstone of minimally invasive gynecological practice, enabling precise visualization and intervention within the uterine cavity. This chapter details the structural design and functional components of hysteroscopes, including diagnostic, operative, mini, and flexible variants. It further explores sheath systems, working channels, and ancillary instruments essential for operative hysteroscopy. Emphasis is also placed on distension media selection, fluid dynamics, and factors influencing fluid absorption, which are critical in maintaining optimal intrauterine visualization while minimizing complications such as fluid overload and electrolyte imbalance. Additionally, principles of instrument care, sterilization, and troubleshooting are discussed. Mastery of hysteroscopic equipment and technique is vital for ensuring procedural safety, improving clinical outcomes, and advancing the practice of minimally invasive gynecological surgery.