Diabetic retinopathy (DR) continues to be a major global cause of irreversible blindness, impacting more than half of individuals living with diabetes. Currently, approximately 1.1 billion people worldwide experience some form of visual impairment, largely due to inadequate access to eye care services and assistive technologies, a number projected to escalate to 1.8 billion by 2050. Fortunately, the evolution of medical technologies, early screening programs, and the expanded use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies have positioned diabetic retinopathy as one of the most preventable causes of blindness. Advancements in ophthalmic surgery such as corneal laser procedures, refractive surgeries like Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) and Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK), minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), and modern cataract techniques including phacoemulsification with advanced intraocular lenses (IOLs)—are collectively transforming vision care by offering permanent correction, faster recovery, improved visual outcomes, and effective long-term management of conditions like glaucoma through reduced intraocular pressure and optic nerve protection. To address the rising global demand for comprehensive eye care, the World Health Organization (WHO) promotes the Integrated People-Centred Eye Care (IPEC) framework. The aim of this chapter is to explore the current landscape and future directions in the prevention of vision loss, with a specific focus on diabetic retinopathy and other major causes of preventable blindness. It highlights the global burden of visual impairment, the impact of emerging technologies, advancements in medical and surgical treatments, and the critical role of integrated healthcare systems and public–private partnership.