Heavy metals, radionuclides, pesticides, medications, fertilisers, and other organic substances are examples of persistent contaminants that frequently become stuck in sediments, soils, and mineral deposits in natural environments. This renders the pollutants biologically unavailable and contaminates the lithosphere and hydrosphere. Although there are conventional ways to prevent those pollutants, such as extraction, phytoremediation is a contemporary strategy. It successfully tackles these problems and has been used for decades as a new green technology. Naturally, plants are used in phytoremediation, an economical and environmentally friendly technique, to immobilise, eliminate, degrade, stabilise, or reduce the toxicity of hazardous materials discharged into the environment from various sources. Phytostabilisation, phytoextraction, phytodegradation, phytovolatilisation, rhizodegradation, and rhizofiltration are the principal mechanisms at play in this process. The limitations of this technique can be mitigated with various supportive measures, such as genetic engineering, natural and chemical adjustments, and enhancement of natural microbial activity.