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Evaluating outdoor mean radiant temperature (MRT) is essential for understanding and designing thermal conditions in open spaces. The six-direction integral method (SDIM) provides the most accurate measurement but is financially and technically demanding. This chapter introduces a modified two-hemisphere method (MTHM) as a more practical alternative. Field measurements in Shanghai were used to compare MRT values derived from the two-hemisphere method (THM) and the SDIM. Results showed that THM deviates by less than 3 °C in shaded areas and up to 5 °C under direct sunlight, mainly due to its omission of anisotropic sky diffuse radiation. The proposed MTHM incorporates this component, thereby improving both the accuracy and stability of MRT estimates. Validation confirmed that MTHM substantially reduces deviations from SDIM, making it a reliable tool for outdoor thermal comfort evaluation. This methodological advancement supports more accessible MRT assessment and strengthens the evidence base for climate-sensitive urban design.

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Techniques for Radiant Temperature Measurement: Validation and Comparative Analysis

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Zhaosong Fang,
  • Sheng Zhang,
  • Zhang Lin,
  • Xiwen Feng,
  • Yuchun Zhang

摘要

Evaluating outdoor mean radiant temperature (MRT) is essential for understanding and designing thermal conditions in open spaces. The six-direction integral method (SDIM) provides the most accurate measurement but is financially and technically demanding. This chapter introduces a modified two-hemisphere method (MTHM) as a more practical alternative. Field measurements in Shanghai were used to compare MRT values derived from the two-hemisphere method (THM) and the SDIM. Results showed that THM deviates by less than 3 °C in shaded areas and up to 5 °C under direct sunlight, mainly due to its omission of anisotropic sky diffuse radiation. The proposed MTHM incorporates this component, thereby improving both the accuracy and stability of MRT estimates. Validation confirmed that MTHM substantially reduces deviations from SDIM, making it a reliable tool for outdoor thermal comfort evaluation. This methodological advancement supports more accessible MRT assessment and strengthens the evidence base for climate-sensitive urban design.