Symbiotic relationships between microbes and plants are integral to ecosystem functionalities, especially given the effects of climate change. This chapter attempts to investigate this very mystique between the plants and their microbial partners, mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and endophytic microbes, under certain varying climatic conditions. These symbiotic relations assist in improving the stress response of the plants due to drought, salinity, temperature, and other environmental perturbations while minimizing carbon losses and maximizing resource uptake. This chapter further examines the phases of climate change effects on microbial adaptation and the developmental kinetics of plant–microbe relationships. Exploiting these kinds of relationships seems quite useful in enhancing agriculture, restoring an ecosystem, and ameliorating climate change. Incorporating the new technologies brought by genomics and biotechnology into these strategies makes it possible to increase the output of plants and ameliorate the environment due to the microbial interactions, as this chapter will illustrate.