Microbial Resource Management (MRM) has emerged as a promising eco-friendly approach to mitigate climate change by leveraging the natural capabilities of microbes in regulating key biogeochemical processes. This chapter explores the scientific basis and applications of microbial consortia for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction, carbon sequestration, and sustainable agriculture. It emphasizes the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, methanotrophs, denitrifiers, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in reducing carbon emissions and enhancing soil fertility. Key microbial strategies such as biofertilizers, bioremediation, and stress-resilient crop production are discussed with a focus on climate-resilient agriculture. Recent advancements in metagenomics, microbial engineering, and large-scale bioformulations for field application are also highlighted. While acknowledging the challenges in mass multiplication and field stability, the chapter underscores the need for integrated policy frameworks and region-specific microbial solutions to support global climate mitigation efforts.