Security Vulnerabilities and Prevention Measures of Encryption Algorithms in Blockchain Technology

This study aims to analyze the security vulnerabilities of commonly used encryption algorithms in blockchain technology and propose targeted preventive measures. First, the application scenarios and potential vulnerabilities of mainstream encryption algorithms in blockchain technology are sorted out; secondly, the cracking process of ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) under quantum computing and the difficulty of implementing hash collision are simulated through experiments; thirdly, the security of encryption algorithms under environmental noise and hardware leakage is analyzed based on side channel attack simulation; finally, preventive measures are proposed for the discovered vulnerabilities, including introducing quantum-resistant encryption algorithms, improving key management mechanisms, increasing side channel attack protection, and improving hash algorithm strength. The time required to crack ECC keys through quantum computing simulation is only 1/10 of that of traditional computing. The probability of collision of the existing SHA-256 under certain conditions is 10–6. The probability of key leakage due to hardware leakage in side channel attack experiments is as high as 18.5%. After adopting quantum-resistant encryption algorithms, the probability of key leakage is reduced to about 4%. This type of encryption algorithm provides important theoretical support and practical guidance for the secure application of blockchain technology.