Integrating Bio-inspired Mechanisms and Intelligent Control Systems for Adaptive Building Performance in the Built Environment

The study explored how integrating bio-inspired mechanisms and intelligent control systems could enhance adaptive building performance in the built environment, addressing limitations in traditional building systems that were often rigid, energy-intensive, and unresponsive. It was found that intelligent control systems, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and optimisation algorithms, played a key role in enabling buildings to adapt to environmental changes. The research adopted both scientometric and narrative approaches, using Scopus and Web of Science databases to examine publication trends, keyword patterns, and global research contributions. Tools like VOSviewer and Biblioshiny (R-Studio) were used for visualising clusters and performance analysis. The findings revealed strong global interest, with four major clusters identified: computational intelligence, smart sustainability, digital infrastructure, and optimisation techniques. The thematic map showed that while intelligent systems were well-developed, bio-inspired mechanisms, though promising, remained under-integrated. Practical examples, like termite-inspired ventilation and responsive facades, highlighted how nature and technology could be combined. The study concluded that combining these two fields could lead to more efficient, adaptive, and environmentally responsive buildings but also noted that real-world applications remain limited. Limitations included the early development stage of many technologies and limited large-scale implementations, suggesting a need for further interdisciplinary collaboration and full-scale case studies.