The Role of Smart Technologies in Achieving Carbon–Neutral Schools in South Africa

Integrating smart technologies presents a transformative approach to achieving carbon–neutral schools in South Africa. This study examines the role of digital innovations such as smart energy management systems, IoT-enabled sensors, and AI-driven optimization in reducing the carbon footprint of educational buildings. Using a survey research design, data was collected from professionals in the built environment, and policymakers to assess their awareness, adoption, and perceptions of smart technologies for sustainability. The findings reveal that while growing recognition of smart technologies enhances energy efficiency, significant barriers such as high initial costs, limited technical expertise, and inadequate policy support hinder widespread adoption. Respondents emphasized the potential of smart lighting, automated HVAC systems, and real-time energy monitoring to optimize resource use and reduce operational emissions. Schools with existing smart infrastructure reported noticeable improvements in energy savings and sustainability awareness among students and staff. This study highlights the need for government incentives, capacity-building initiatives, and private-sector collaborations to promote smart technology adoption in schools. By fostering an ecosystem that integrates technology-driven solutions with stakeholder engagement, South African schools can accelerate their transition toward carbon neutrality.