Enhancement of Engine and Emission Performance Utilizing WCO-Biodiesel-Diesel Blends with Graphene Nanoparticles

Alternative fuels are a must to substitute for the diesel engine to prevent environmental degradation. Along with that, it will definitely help to resolve two important issues around the globe. The first is the insufficiency of existing fossil fuels, and the other is managing waste. Waste from many sources, like waste oil, plastic, tyre and waste cooking oil can be converted to applicable fuels in diesel engines. In the present investigation, waste cooking oil prepared by the trans esterification process has been used as fuel. Different fuels, diesel-blends with graphene nanoparticles D100, D100G, B10D90, B15D85, B10D90G, and B15D85G, have been used as test fuels in a water-cooled 4-stroke CI engine. The results revealed a minimal drop in engine performance with the inclusion of biodiesel-diesel blends. The average increase in the BSFC values of fuels B10D90 and B15D85 was 17.22% and 27.7%, and a decrease of 25% was recorded for B15D85G with respect to B15D85 fuel. Similar results were observed for BTE also. BTE values of the fuels B10D90 and B15D85 dropped 14.9% and 21.6%, whereas it increased by 7% for B15D85G with respect to B15D85. CO emissions dropped by about 8.7%, 13.04%, and 37% for B10D90, B15D85 and B15D85G, respectively, at maximum load with respect to diesel. HC emission dropped to 14.3%, 23.8%, and 17% for B10D90, B15D85, and B15D85G, respectively, with respect to diesel. CO2 emissions levels declined by 9.15%, 1.65%, and 25.02% for B10D90, B15D85, and B15D85G, respectively, with respect to diesel. Smoke emission also followed the same trend, a 7.3% decrease for B15D85 and a 14.6% decrease for B15D85G was recorded as compared to D100.