Digital Twin for Controlling Variables in Classrooms: A Simulation-Based Approach Using Discrete Event and Agent-Based Simulation

Real-time monitoring and predictive control of indoor conditions are made possible by Digital Twin (DT) technology, which is transforming smart environments. In order to maximize indoor air quality and comfort, this study proposes a DT framework for classrooms that integrates AnyLogic modeling with based environmental sensors (CO₂, temperature, humidity, light, and motion). Real-time data gathering from Arduino-based sensors is used to test the model, and High-Level Architecture (HLA) is proposed to guarantee compatibility. Hybrid simulation approach with Distributed Simulation (DS) by combining Discrete Event Simulation (DES) and Agent-Based Simulation (ABS). Different simulation scenarios with varying ventilation settings, and occupancy levels show how environmental variables change dynamically over time. The findings demonstrate that DT-based control greatly enhances occupant well-being and energy efficiency. By providing a scalable framework for real-time environmental control in educational, smart building, and industrial applications, this study advances the design of smart classrooms.