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River confluences, where two or more rivers merge, form complex hydrodynamic zones (CHZ) characterized by turbulent flow, sediment transport, and energy loss. These dynamics are significantly affected by channel geometry, discharge ratios, and junction angles. While many prior studies employed simplified channel configurations, this research focuses on a more realistic scenario—a 90° confluence of compound channels with a rigid bed. A three-dimensional numerical model using the finite volume method (FVM), based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the k-ω turbulence model, is applied to simulate the flow. The Volume of Fluid (VoF) method, implemented via the interFoam solver in OpenFOAM, captures the free surface dynamics. Model results show good agreement with experimental velocity fields, validating the approach. This study offers important insights into the flow behavior in compound channel confluences, particularly where physical modeling is impractical, supporting improved hydraulic design and flood management strategies.

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Numerical Investigation of Flow Dynamics at a 90° Compound Channel Confluence Using OpenFOAM

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • S. S. Sandilya,
  • Bhabani Shankar Das,
  • Kamalini Devi,
  • J. R. Khuntia,
  • Sebastien Proust

摘要

River confluences, where two or more rivers merge, form complex hydrodynamic zones (CHZ) characterized by turbulent flow, sediment transport, and energy loss. These dynamics are significantly affected by channel geometry, discharge ratios, and junction angles. While many prior studies employed simplified channel configurations, this research focuses on a more realistic scenario—a 90° confluence of compound channels with a rigid bed. A three-dimensional numerical model using the finite volume method (FVM), based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the k-ω turbulence model, is applied to simulate the flow. The Volume of Fluid (VoF) method, implemented via the interFoam solver in OpenFOAM, captures the free surface dynamics. Model results show good agreement with experimental velocity fields, validating the approach. This study offers important insights into the flow behavior in compound channel confluences, particularly where physical modeling is impractical, supporting improved hydraulic design and flood management strategies.