Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) based AI integrated Irrigation Systems

In the wake of increased agricultural practices owing to global population explosion, the requirement for water usage in agricultural fields has emerged as a matter of global concern. Among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations, the goal 6 emphasizes “clean water and sanitation for all,” which voices in favor of judicial water usage during crop production. This can be achieved by implementing IoT-based precision farming by carefully tailoring the management of soil and other parameters to standardize the individualistic design of smart irrigation for each field through the employment of automated irrigation schemes equipped with handy wireless sensor networks and decision support systems. Further, the data acquired from various sensors is conveyed to the cloud servers, which eventually enables a closed-loop control over the water feed to materialize a fully automated irrigation scheme. This review summarizes the scope of smart technologies for monitoring the parameters for smart irrigation and discusses different irrigation systems that can be fine-tuned by incorporating IoT. The architecture of smart systems from a mechanistic perspective, their benefits, and barriers has also been discussed. Such a discourse will be beneficial for future research in this avenue and will also facilitate the lab-to-land transfer of smart technology by agricultural practitioners by providing necessary information.