Current Trends in Agriculture Research Based on AI and Machine Learning

From manual subsistence systems to modern, digitally driven ecosystems, agriculture has undergone a series of transformative shifts over the centuries. Today’s convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) with traditional farming is marked to drive a food systems revolution worldwide. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the latest trends in agriculture research based on AI and ML. It highlights how crucial agriculture is in ensuring global food security and walks us through the evolution from traditional farming practices to the digital revolution (Agriculture 4.0 and 5.0). The chapter also explores how new and emerging technologies are being implemented across key areas like crop management, pest detection, yield prediction, and livestock monitoring. It also looks at how different parts of the world are embracing AI adoption, especially how countries like India are performing compared to developed economies. Additionally, the chapter examines the challenges in acquiring and managing agricultural data, summarizing current research patterns, mapping out future areas of focus, and discussing potential strategies and policies to help support the transition toward an efficient, sustainable, and resilient food system globally.