ADHD and Suicide Risk Across Life Stages

Suicide remains a critical public health challenge, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) emerging as a significant risk factor across the lifespan. Individuals with ADHD are disproportionately affected by suicidal ideation, attempts, and completed suicides, with evidence suggesting that impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions contribute to heightened vulnerability. This chapter explores the intersections between ADHD and suicide risk, emphasizing developmental trajectories, underlying neurobiological mechanisms, and the impact of social and environmental stressors. Suicide risk among individuals with ADHD is influenced by a range of factors, including childhood adversity, academic and occupational stressors, interpersonal difficulties, and the presence of mood and anxiety disorders. Given these complexities, early identification of risk markers and the implementation of targeted interventions are essential. This chapter discusses evidence-based prevention strategies, emphasizing the role of clinical screening, psychological therapies, and pharmacological management in mitigating suicide risk in individuals with ADHD. By adopting a lifespan-oriented approach, clinicians and researchers can enhance understanding and improve outcomes for those most at risk.