Anatomy and Variations of Coronary Arteries and Veins

This chapter outlines the anatomy, variations, and clinical relevance of coronary arteries and veins, emphasizing insights from noninvasive imaging—particularly coronary CT angiography (CCTA). It details normal coronary anatomy (RCA, LMCA, LAD, LCX origins, branches, and segmental classifications) and congenital anomalies (e.g., origin/course/termination defects like single coronary arteries, myocardial bridges, and fistulas), linking them to myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias. CCTA’s diagnostic role in hemodynamic assessment is highlighted. The coronary venous system’s anatomy and variations (e.g., coronary sinus tributaries) are reviewed for interventional relevance. Integrating anatomy with imaging, this chapter aids clinicians in optimizing diagnosis, treatment, and risk management for coronary and congenital cardiovascular disorders.