Early detection of prostate cancer plays a critical role in reducing the worldwide occurrence of this male malignancy because it increases survival chances and improves therapeutic results. The advancement of nanotechnology in biosensor development has led to the creation of highly sensitive, specific, and rapid detection tools that serve purposes in oncological diagnostics. The research discusses nanotechnology-based biosensors specifically designed to detect prostate cancer, while examining the beneficial combination of advanced nanomaterials with biomarker-targeted detection approaches. The manufacturing process of biosensors involves nanostructures that incorporate nanoparticles, quantum dots, and nanowires to achieve an expanded surface area and enhanced signal transmission, along with tunable properties. The information focuses on two main biomarkers, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PCA3, as they relate to the incorporation of biosensing platforms. The diagnostic performance and clinical effectiveness of electrochemical, optical, and magnetic sensors are evaluated for different detection systems. The chapter presents an examination of design methodologies, providing details about clinical validations and an evaluation of point-of-care prospects. Previous research has detailed efforts to address current obstacles in biosensing technology, including making them biocompatible, while also securing regulatory approval and scaling production capabilities. This discussion explains in detail how biochemical prostate cancer detection tools based on nanotechnology methods revolutionize diagnostic practices while making cancer healthcare more customized and widely available.