Prostate cancer is a prevalent malignancy of males that has clinical and population health issues. Epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnostic methods of this chapter are presented. Pathophysiology, categorization, staging, and progression pattern of prostate cancer are discussed alongside morphological as well as functional characteristics of the prostate gland. Special attention is paid to early diagnosis and prevention, with a focus on genetic predisposition, lifestyle, and environmental exposure. Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors, which is often diagnosed in the first stages through such methods as digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. The surgical insertion of the markers in the known genetic prespecified patients has been utilized to perform prevalence estimation. The issues of quality of life and some of the physical and emotional consequences of prostate cancer are also discussed in the chapter. The modern research trend, which focuses on novel biomarkers, precision medicine, and innovative drug treatment modalities, is discussed to inform future management strategies. The purpose of this chapter is to gain better insights into prostate cancer by incorporating both epidemiological and clinical evidence, as well as medical research. Later deliberations on the modalities of treatment, patient care, and innovations in prostate cancer treatment are described.