Vermicompost in Agriculture: Role, Benefits, and Techniques for Sustainable Farming

Vermicomposting has evolved as a sustainable method of managing organic waste and enhancing soil health in agricultural settings. This biological process, powered by earthworms and microbes, transforms agricultural, industrial, and household waste into nutrient-dense vermicompost. The final product improves soil structure, increases nutrient availability, boosts microbial activity, and promotes crop growth and resilience. Vermicomposting outperforms conventional composting in terms of decomposition speed, humification efficiency, and adaptability for small-scale and decentralised systems. This study covers the biological and ecological mechanisms of vermicomposting, the importance of feedstock variety, technical improvements, and the agronomic, environmental, and socioeconomic advantages. A focus is given on vermicomposting’s incorporation into climate-smart and regenerative agriculture techniques, as well as its contributions to circular economy models. The study also addresses existing research limitations, such as microbial dynamics and economic feasibility, and proposes future avenues for further acceptance and innovation. Vermicomposting is a multidimensional technique for improving soil fertility, reducing environmental pollution, and promoting sustainable food systems worldwide.