Compost-biochar: Increasing Productivity of Strategic Food Crops and Remediator of Endosulfan Residue

Agricultural waste such as rice hush, coconut shells, empty oil palm bunches, bamboo, corncob, and cattle manure were abundantly available in the agricultural environment, where it can be utilized to improve crop productivity, soil quality, and the environment quality. These wastes can be utilized as compost through composting or as biochar through pyrolysis. Both products can be utilized in remediating endosulfan residues from agricultural soils where endosulfan insecticides have been widely used since the green revolution. This paper was prepared to provide an overview of the role of the combination of compost and biochar in increasing the productivity of food crops while remediating endosulfan insecticide residues. Through a desk literature review, this article synthesizes evidence on how compost–biochar integration not only improves soil physical, chemical, and biological properties but also accelerates degradation and immobilization of endosulfan. This work is innovative because it uses locally available agricultural wastes to frame the compost–biochar synergy as a multipurpose, resource-efficient solution that simultaneously improves soil health, increases yields, and reduces pesticide pollution. This approach provides a pathway for sustainable, climate-resilient, and pollution-free agriculture, so its contribute to a more sustainable and productive agricultural future.