This chapter systematically elaborates on the research objectives, significance, current status and methodology of coalbed methane (CBM) target zone optimization. As a clean energy source, CBM plays a vital role in China’s “dual carbon” goals and energy security strategy. China’s CBM resources at a depth of less than 3000 m amount to 48.52 × 1012 m3. However, the reservoir geological conditions are complex and highly heterogeneous, and traditional evaluation methods are plagued by issues such as discrepancies in subjective weighting. Foreign successful experience cannot be directly applied to China’s geological context, and existing methods like the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are susceptible to subjective factors. Fuzzy pattern recognition excels at addressing fuzziness and uncertainty in complex systems, which aligns perfectly with the inherent requirements of CBM target zone optimization. This chapter defines the research methodology: by analyzing the basic geological conditions of CBM reservoirs, constructing an evaluation parameter system, and establishing a fuzzy pattern recognition model, the proposed approach is verified through practical block applications and subsequently promoted. This research provides theoretical and technical support for the efficient exploration and development of CBM, and further enriches and improves the theories of CBM geology and development.