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This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and highlights its critical role as an analytical tool in architecture and urban environmental design. Positioned as a complement to traditional analytical and experimental approaches, CFD enables the simulation of complex airflow patterns, thermal dynamics, and pollutant dispersion within the built environment. The chapter presents key fluid dynamics principles, including the conservation laws, control volume and differential formulations, material derivatives, and the foundational theories of turbulence and boundary layers. It further explores the spectral characteristics of turbulent kinetic energy and the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer. These theoretical foundations are contextualized through their application at multiple spatial scales—ranging from room-level airflow to building clusters and urban canyons. The chapter concludes with an introduction to computational mesh generation, underscoring the impact of mesh topology on simulation fidelity. Collectively, these elements establish a foundation for the mathematical formulations and numerical modeling techniques discussed in Chapter 2 . This progression ensures a coherent understanding of how physical principles translate into computable frameworks for simulating the environmental behavior of urban and architectural systems.

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From Physics to Practice: Core Fundamentals of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for the Built Environment

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Jalil Shaeri,
  • Ali Cheshmehzangi

摘要

This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and highlights its critical role as an analytical tool in architecture and urban environmental design. Positioned as a complement to traditional analytical and experimental approaches, CFD enables the simulation of complex airflow patterns, thermal dynamics, and pollutant dispersion within the built environment. The chapter presents key fluid dynamics principles, including the conservation laws, control volume and differential formulations, material derivatives, and the foundational theories of turbulence and boundary layers. It further explores the spectral characteristics of turbulent kinetic energy and the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer. These theoretical foundations are contextualized through their application at multiple spatial scales—ranging from room-level airflow to building clusters and urban canyons. The chapter concludes with an introduction to computational mesh generation, underscoring the impact of mesh topology on simulation fidelity. Collectively, these elements establish a foundation for the mathematical formulations and numerical modeling techniques discussed in Chapter 2 . This progression ensures a coherent understanding of how physical principles translate into computable frameworks for simulating the environmental behavior of urban and architectural systems.