A Study on Integrating Nudge Architecture and Usability Heuristics to Enhance the Cognitive Development of Children with ASD and ADHD Children in a Special Education Learning Environment

This study addresses the cognitive and behavioral challenges experienced by children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Davao City’s Special Education (SPED) schools, where existing physical learning environments often fail to adequately accommodate their unique needs. Standard classroom designs frequently contribute to overstimulation, distraction, and limited support for children’s behavioral and cognitive development, underscoring the necessity for specialized architectural interventions. This study proposes the design of a special educational facility that integrates Nudge Architecture and Usability Heuristics. Nudge Architecture, grounded in Nudge Theory and Choice Architecture, introduces subtle environmental cues that influence decision-making, encourage desirable behaviors, and reduce cognitive overload without restricting options. Complementing this, Usability Heuristics provide evidence-based design guidelines to ensure learning spaces are intuitive, accessible, and supportive of both users and educators. The integration of these approaches aims to establish focus-oriented, stress-free environments that foster effective learning, behavioral regulation, and cognitive growth among children with ASD and ADHD. As one of the first studies to explore the application of Nudge Architecture and Usability Heuristics in SPED facility design, NudgeScape advances architectural discourse by positioning design as a critical tool for behavioral and cognitive support. Beyond addressing local challenges, the study also contributes to global development by aligning with key United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).