Feeling of Security, Theory of Passive Defense to Vernacular Architecture Formation

This research aims to analyze and create a theoretical framework and develop concepts to create an understanding of the causes, ways of thinking, and methods towards the formation of vernacular architecture with the theoretical framework. The theoretical framework is used as a research methodological framework, guidelines and field data collection tools from 6 elements. 5 sample groups were purposively selected based on the complexity of the disasters: Hoi An, Melaka, Penang, Takua Pa and Ranong. The study results summarized 3variables of the conceptual framework: threats, humans and vernacular architecture. The process of creating a feeling of security from field data begins with site selection and settlement. Towards a principle of protection and formation of vernacular architectural elements, including levels, spatial organization, structures, enclosures, openings and furniture. In the early stages, the defense served its purpose faithfully to the original need and meaning of protection. Later, human beings had a changed attitude towards defense, giving meaning, emphasizing symbolic value rather than performing real functions. The issues or factors that support the process of creating a feeling of security include internal human factors, such as attitudes, experiences, culture, elements, social status, tastes, and occupations. The researchers noted and suggested that the defense factors within the case study area acted as the main determinants because it is important from the selection of location and settlement to the formation of vernacular architecture.