Welding Slag as a Component of Compressed Earth Block: An Alternative for Non-load Bearing Concrete Hollow Blocks

This study evaluates the feasibility of incorporating welding slag into compressed earth blocks (CEBs) as a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete hollow blocks (CHBs) for non-load-bearing applications. Motivated by resource depletion and the need to lower environmental burdens, the work investigates whether welding-slag modification can maintain acceptable compressive strength while improving water-absorption behavior. An experimental program produced CEBs with varying slag dosages and characterized their physical and mechanical properties in reference to relevant ASTM procedures for non-load-bearing units. Results indicate that welding-slag CEBs achieved compliant compressive capacities relative to comparison thresholds and exhibited systematically reduced water absorption with increasing slag content, consistent with refinement of pore structure. These findings support the technical viability of welding slag as a valorized by-product in earthen masonry and its alignment with sustainability objectives in construction. Further work is required to establish optimal slag dosage, assess interactions with alternative stabilizers and soils, and quantify long-term durability and environmental safety. Development of clear performance and regulatory specifications anchored in standardized ASTM-based acceptance criteria will be essential to enable broader adoption.