Improving the energy efficiency of existing housing stock is critical to meeting climate goals. Residential retrofits deliver environmental, economic, and social benefits, including reduced emissions, lower operational costs, and improved occupant well-being. To capture these dimensions and support retrofit decision-making, this paper reviews the potential of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA), which integrates Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (E-LCA), Life Cycle Costing (LCC), and Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA). While applications of LCSA have increased in other domains, adoption in housing retrofits remains limited. A structured review of recent applications of E-LCA, LCC, and S-LCA indicates growing interest in LCSA but persistent challenges in methodological integration, with emerging work on dynamic energy-system modelling (e.g., grid decarbonisation, material degradation) and on occupant-centred indicators (e.g., thermal comfort, indoor air quality). Three critical gaps are identified: limited consideration of occupant-related factors in S-LCA, insufficient integration of temporal dynamics in environmental and economic evaluations, and the absence of user-sensitive frameworks. Despite variability across case studies and the evolving nature of LCSA, the review highlights the need to advance LCSA in three directions: dynamic integration across sustainability dimensions, incorporation of occupant-centred indicators, and adoption of user-informed weighting. These developments can strengthen methodological robustness and practical relevance, supporting carbon reduction, well-being, and equitable retrofit strategies. This review also provides a foundation for forthcoming case-study applications based on representative housing archetypes.