This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of digital technology in sustainable construction, synthesizing findings from 227 peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024. ScienceDirect searches (2010–2024) produced an initial corpus of 30,395 documents which, through stepwise refinement and filtering, resulted in 227 journal articles analyzed in detail. Multiple bibliometric techniques, including keyword co-occurrence mapping, temporal evolution analysis, density visualization, quantitative corpus analysis, and thematic clustering were applied to examine thematic development, research intensity, and knowledge gaps. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed a thematic trajectory from foundational technical innovations (e.g., Building Information Modeling (BIM), and IoT) to integrated environmental performance approaches (e.g., lifecycle assessment (LCA), carbon footprint modeling), and more recently, to governance-related topics (e.g., policy frameworks, and digital economy). Temporal analysis indicated three distinct phases: the foundation phase focused on technical modeling; the expansion phase focused on integrating environmental metrics; and the emergence phase focused on policy and systemic adoption strategies. Density mapping showed high concentration in technology-focused research, with governance themes underrepresented. Co-occurrence network analysis identifies technology and sustainability as central hubs, but highlights weak bridging links to management and governance clusters. Temporal analysis shows accelerating publication rates since 2016, with limited transfer of technology-focused research into sustainability in construction industry. The SLR culminates in a proposed research agenda and a conceptual adoption framework to guide interdisciplinary studies and policy interventions that can support the scaling of digitally enabled sustainable construction practices.