Women and children stand at the heart of the global justice project. In any effort to evaluate the moral performance of states and the fairness of the international order, the lived conditions of these groups reveal, with unusual clarity, the degree to which societies uphold the equal moral worth of persons, protect basic capabilities, and structure institutions in ways that expand rather than constrain human flourishing (Sen, 1999). Their well-being is therefore not a secondary concern but a constitutive dimension of what it means for a global order to be just. In the broader framework of this book, global justice is grounded in the idea that individuals—rather than states—are the primary units of moral concern and that states have obligations that reach beyond their borders. From this perspective, women and children are analytically central: they are among the most frequently disadvantaged, their opportunities are deeply shaped by transnational structures, and their trajectories offer a particularly sensitive indicator of both present injustice and future inequality.