In this chapter, we provide an analysis of the major theoretical approaches concerning the conceptualization of global justice in contemporary debates. Global justice is a broad concept that is composed of multilevel and multidimensional aspects belonging to both normative and empirical realities. Thus, a coherent and integrated theoretical framework that covers the normative basis and various empirical dimensions is much needed in order to address some of the basic and important questions under study. We synthesize the multiple theories and conceptions of global justice into three main theoretical approaches: rights based, goods based, and virtue based. This tripartite framework synthesizes the strengths of diverse theoretical, intellectual, and cultural traditions, providing a holistic conceptualization of global justice. By integrating rights-based, goods-based, and virtue-based perspectives, the methodology captures the fundamental essence and multidimensional nature of justice on a planetary scale.