Mapping Sustainable Energy Transition in India and Bangladesh: A Comparative Assessment

The global energy landscape is undergoing profound transformations driven by escalating climate crisis, volatile fossil fuel markets, rising energy demand, and the imperative to meet international climate commitments collectively underscore the need for a swift transition to renewable energy. Within this broader global context, the chapter examines the evolving energy trajectories of India and Bangladesh, analysing how both countries are navigating these dynamics through their respective renewable energy strategies. In doing so, it provides a comprehensive assessment of their energy profiles, institutional and policy frameworks, technological capabilities, and sectoral achievements, while also identifying the key challenges and emerging opportunities shaping their transitions. Furthermore, it examines the depth and potential of renewable energy cooperation between the two countries. It reviews current areas of engagement, including cross-border electricity trade, pilot initiatives, and technological cooperation, if any, and outlines future avenues for strengthening bilateral renewable energy cooperation. By integrating domestic renewable energy developments with regional cooperation possibilities, the chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of how coordinated efforts can enhance energy security, advance decarbonisation, and promote sustainable development not only within the two countries but across the wider region as well.