Harnessing UTAUT and Risk Factors for Blockchain Adoption in Waqf: Evidence from PLS Predict

Despite the rapid advancement of financial technologies, the adoption of blockchain in Waqf institutions remains low due to trust issues, perceived risks, and limited digital literacy. This study aims to develop and test a predictive model for individuals’ intentions to use digital Waqf platforms by extending the UTAUT framework. It addresses the need to understand donor adoption by incorporating relative advantage as a mediating factor and knowledge as a moderating variable. The novelty lies in adapting the UTAUT model to the context of Waqf digitalization, offering practical insights for State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) and policymakers to design more effective digital platforms that enhance donor trust and participation. A quantitative method was employed through a survey of 230 respondents, with data analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings suggest that performance expectancy and facilitating conditions notably influence digital Waqf adoption, while effort expectancy and social influence do not. Relative advantage mediates these relationships, and knowledge further amplifies the effects. To sum up, the digitalization of Waqf enhances transparency, operational efficiency, and donor confidence, with user support and technological familiarity emerging as key drivers for successful adoption.