To achieve sustainable growth in a volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity (VUCA) environment, establishing organizational resilience in cross-functional process management is essential. This study redesigned the cross-functional process management system as an integrated framework combining key performance indicators (KPIs) and Risk Management, the RACI-VS model, and cognitive and noncognitive skills, to overcome conventional process management challenges (e.g., communication fragmentation and decision delays). Empirical analysis conducted in a Vietnamese company proved that the system’s implementation resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the efficiency of cross-functional processes (P < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 2.15), confirming the effectiveness of the process improvement. However, the items showing the smallest effect were related to the “identification and development of required cognitive/noncognitive skills” and the “cultivation of a change mindset.” This result suggests that while improvements in process and tools were achieved, the transformation of the human and organizational aspects—the foundation of resilience—remains the greatest bottleneck for successful DX (Digital Transformation) acceleration. The development of employee skills and the fostering of a reform mindset are critical medium-to-long-term management challenges, and overcoming this gap provides vital insights for advancing cross-functional process management toward true DX based on data-driven resilience.