Research Progress on Multi-physics Coupling Analysis of Electromagnetic Railguns

Electromagnetic launch systems undergo a series of complex physical phenomena during operation, including transient high temperatures, rail erosion, and friction-induced wear. Establishing theoretical frameworks and simulation models is critical for elucidating these phenomena and guiding engineering applications. This paper reviews the latest advancements in multi-physics coupling simulation studies of electromagnetic railguns both domestically and internationally. Firstly, the electromagnetic field coupling model based on Maxwell’s equations is introduced, focusing on the skin effect and arc initiation phenomena during the launch process. Subsequently, the electromagnetic-thermal coupling model for analyzing rail temperature distribution characteristics and the electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical coupling model for investigating the mechanical interactions between the armature and rails are discussed. Finally, a full-system bidirectional coupling model is presented to simulate the interactions among multiple physical fields, aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the engineering application of electromagnetic railgun technology.