Suicidal behavior is an outcome of a complex interaction among social, ecological, personal, clinical, and genetic factors. Social factors have contributed more than the clinical factors in Bangladesh. As suicide is multifactorial and social factors play a prominent role in Bangladesh, this chapter examines risk factors for suicidal behavior and potential preventive measures through the lens of the Ecological Systems Theory. Risk factors are tested according to ontogenic, micro-, meso-, exo-, macro-, and chronosystems based on available evidence. Additionally, system-wise potential preventive measures are proposed for the country. This analysis would foster the formulation of the national suicide preventive strategy in Bangladesh, while prioritizing the available resources and bringing out maximum preventive outcomes.