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The Q9 member of the Daqing Gulong Qingshankou shale oil reservoir is characterized by well-developed macropores, favorable oil-bearing properties, and a high brittleness index, making it the most favorable target for development. It can be subdivided into two sweet spot intervals: the Upper Q9 and Lower Q9. Currently, horizontal wells are primarily drilled in the Lower Q9 sweet spot. However, due to the overall high clay content of the Gulong shale and the presence of well-developed bedding fractures, the vertical propagation capability of hydraulic fractures is limited. As a result, the single-layer well pattern exhibits low reserve utilization, with recovery from the Q9 layer remaining below 6% during the evaluation period. This study investigates the feasibility of using a three-dimensional (3D) development strategy to enhance reserve utilization in shale oil. First, evaluation criteria for selecting sweet spot target layers were established, and optimal 3D development targets within the Q9 interval were identified in a pilot area. Based on this, a combination of dynamic monitoring, hydraulic fracturing simulation, and numerical simulation was employed to determine the optimal well deployment configuration, including horizontal well spacing in plan view and vertical spacing in the 3D well network. The results indicate that a staggered 3D well deployment pattern yields high single-well fracture-controlled reserves and minimizes vertical interference between wells. A horizontal well spacing of 500–600 m for single-layer development and approximately 300 m for dual-layer 3D development enables effective inter-well reserve drainage while avoiding excessive inter-well stimulation, thereby supporting high single-well stimulated volume and estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). A vertical spacing of 15–20 m ensures effective utilization of vertical reserves and avoids severe interference between wells along the vertical axis. Overall, the study demonstrates that the 3D development approach can significantly improve reserve utilization and oil recovery. The recovery factor during the evaluation period can reach 10.2%, representing an increase of 4.6% compared to single-layer development, thereby achieving the goal of substantially enhancing reserve recovery.

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Q9 Shale Oil Layer Well Pattern Optimization for 3D Development in the Gulong Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Zhongbao Wu,
  • Yuxiang Xiao,
  • Xiulin Hou,
  • Lifeng Liu,
  • Huizhu Xiang,
  • Ziyi Xu,
  • Ruojing Dong

摘要

The Q9 member of the Daqing Gulong Qingshankou shale oil reservoir is characterized by well-developed macropores, favorable oil-bearing properties, and a high brittleness index, making it the most favorable target for development. It can be subdivided into two sweet spot intervals: the Upper Q9 and Lower Q9. Currently, horizontal wells are primarily drilled in the Lower Q9 sweet spot. However, due to the overall high clay content of the Gulong shale and the presence of well-developed bedding fractures, the vertical propagation capability of hydraulic fractures is limited. As a result, the single-layer well pattern exhibits low reserve utilization, with recovery from the Q9 layer remaining below 6% during the evaluation period. This study investigates the feasibility of using a three-dimensional (3D) development strategy to enhance reserve utilization in shale oil. First, evaluation criteria for selecting sweet spot target layers were established, and optimal 3D development targets within the Q9 interval were identified in a pilot area. Based on this, a combination of dynamic monitoring, hydraulic fracturing simulation, and numerical simulation was employed to determine the optimal well deployment configuration, including horizontal well spacing in plan view and vertical spacing in the 3D well network. The results indicate that a staggered 3D well deployment pattern yields high single-well fracture-controlled reserves and minimizes vertical interference between wells. A horizontal well spacing of 500–600 m for single-layer development and approximately 300 m for dual-layer 3D development enables effective inter-well reserve drainage while avoiding excessive inter-well stimulation, thereby supporting high single-well stimulated volume and estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). A vertical spacing of 15–20 m ensures effective utilization of vertical reserves and avoids severe interference between wells along the vertical axis. Overall, the study demonstrates that the 3D development approach can significantly improve reserve utilization and oil recovery. The recovery factor during the evaluation period can reach 10.2%, representing an increase of 4.6% compared to single-layer development, thereby achieving the goal of substantially enhancing reserve recovery.