Research Progress on Geophysical Exploration and Development Technologies for Shale Gas

With the ongoing energy transition and the implementation of the “dual carbon” strategy, shale gas, as a low-carbon and clean unconventional natural gas resource, has become a key support for China’s energy security and green development. Its exploration and development have attracted wide attention both domestically and internationally, and have grown rapidly. Due to the complex occurrence conditions and strong heterogeneity of shale gas reservoirs, there is an urgent need for efficient and accurate geophysical exploration technologies to ensure reliable support for development. This paper reviews the basic principles and representative applications of key geophysical methods—seismic, electrical, magnetic, and gravity—based on geophysical theories and the geological characteristics of shale gas reservoirs in China. By comparing these methods, the study analyzes their advantages and limitations, and clarifies their applicability under different geological conditions. In view of the exploration and development trends of China’s shale gas resources, especially under “deep formations, deepwater, and unconventional” conditions, the paper further summarizes geophysical technologies with good adaptability and development potential in complex structural zones and deep reservoirs. These findings provide theoretical foundations and technical support for the efficient and scientific exploration of shale gas in China.