Application of Forward Modeling Technology in Seismic Acquisition of Dual-Complex Areas

“Dual-complex areas,” characterized by drastic surface undulations, strong near-surface heterogeneity, and complex deep structures, pose significant challenges to seismic exploration data quality and imaging. This study takes the typical dual-complexity area in the southwestern Tarim Basin as an example to systematically explore the application of forward modeling technology in optimizing seismic data acquisition, focusing on geological characteristics such as thick loess layer coverage, drastic lateral variations in near-surface low-velocity zones, and deep thrust-nappe structures. Through wave equation-based forward simulation, the control mechanisms of abrupt surface topography and near-surface low-velocity zone structures on wavefield energy were revealed, clarifying the origin of strip-shaped energy distribution in loess-covered areas. Combined with seismic wave illumination technology, the study quantitatively demonstrates the illumination capability of a wide-azimuth observation system for thrust nappe structures and deep fault blocks, while optimizing imaging in shadow zones through reverse illumination. Finite element simulations further validated the effectiveness of a three-stage delayed excitation scheme in thick loess regions, confirming its effectiveness in enhancing downward-propagating energy and suppressing source-generated noise. The results demonstrate that forward modeling technology can quantitatively characterize seismic wave propagation in dual-complex areas, providing a scientific basis for optimizing observation system design and Shooting parameters, thereby enhancing seismic data quality.