This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the preparation of somatic chromosomes using classical cytogenetic techniques, emphasizing the importance of optimal processing for accurate chromosome analysis. The fundamental goals of plant cytogenetics involve examining chromosome number and distinct morphological configurations, particularly centromere and constriction positions. The introductory section outlines the necessary steps, which begin with the careful collection of healthy meristematic tissues, such as root tips, followed by a series of procedures including pretreatment, fixation, staining, and slide preparation. The focus is primarily on the preparation of somatic chromosomes. Key methods for germination and collection are detailed, providing practical guidance on how to obtain high-quality root tips from various plant species, including Lens, Nigella, Vicia, and Trigonella seeds; bulbous Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Albuca virens; and non-bulbous Aloe vera. Notably, the impact of plant health, flowering timing, and collection conditions on chromosome viability and quality is discussed. Illustrated with student-friendly diagrams, this chapter is designed to inspire and facilitate the development of cytogenetic skills among students and researchers. It combines conceptual knowledge with hands-on methodologies, making it accessible for those new to cytogenetics. By elaborating on repeatable protocols and offering flowcharts for different plant species, it aims to enrich educational experiences and foster a deeper understanding of plant genomic structures, setting the groundwork for future research in cytogenetics.