Key Opportunities of Digital Twin-Driven Manufacturing Systems Toward Industry 5.0

With the continuous evolution of manufacturing paradigms, industrial revolutions characterized by digitalization and intelligence have profoundly transformed the global manufacturing industry. Following Industry 4.0, which emphasizes automation and cyber-physical integration, a new manufacturing paradigm—Industry 5.0—is gradually emerging. Industry 5.0 prioritizes human-centric approaches, aiming to build a manufacturing ecosystem that deeply integrates human creativity and machine intelligence, thus achieving a harmonious balance of efficiency, personalization, and sustainability. This concept not only redefines the relationship between humans and technology but has also spurred extensive academic research and industrial practices worldwide.