A Novel Low-Power Wide-Range Dual-Delay Ring Oscillator

A fully differential ring voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a dual-channel delay structure was designed using the TSMC 65 nm CMOS process. Simulation results demonstrate a wide tuning range from 1.229 MHz to 7.45 GHz with a control voltage of 0–1 V. At 3.67 GHz, the VCO consumes only 1.142 mW and achieves a phase noise of −81 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, reflecting a favorable balance between frequency tuning range and power efficiency. The proposed VCO is well suited for high-speed I/O clock recovery and multi-band frequency synthesis applications.