Super-Resolution Estimation Method of Vortex Electromagnetic Wave Target Azimuth Based on the Improved MUSIC Algorithm

In this paper, a super-resolution estimation method of vortex electromagnetic wave target azimuth based on the improved MUSIC algorithm is proposed, which significantly improves the accuracy of azimuth estimation under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions through an eigenvalue correction strategy. The study establishes a uniform circular array (UCA) geometric model based on multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), utilizes vortex electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) as the information carrier, and constructs the received signal matrix through modal domain sampling. Aiming at the performance degradation of the traditional MUSIC algorithm under coherent signal sources and low SNR conditions, a weighted correction method for the noise subspace eigenvalues is innovatively proposed, and the construction of the spatial spectral function is improved by optimizing the utilization rate of the noise eigenvalues. Simulation experiments show that the improved MUSIC algorithm has better target azimuth estimation performance compared with the traditional MUSIC and FFT methods.