Flavonoids are phenolic hydroxylated compounds and are naturally produced by plants as secondary metabolites. Various plant products, such as fruits, seeds, wine, tea, vegetables, nuts, and honey, are abundantly rich in flavonoids. The biological function of flavonoids depends on several factors, including structure, extent of polymerization, degree of hydroxylation, substitutions, and conjugations. Flavonoids have garnered significant attention among researchers, as they possess a wide array of pharmacological effects, including antioxidative, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, coronary heart disease prevention, free-radical scavenging, anti-atherosclerotic, and anticancer activities. Low aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism in the gastrointestinal region, and poor oral bioavailability have restricted their clinical and practical applications. In the last decade, advanced nanocarrier systems have been designed for the delivery of flavonoids to address these challenges. Encapsulation of flavonoids in organic and inorganic types of nanocarriers, such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, and nanogels, showed improved solubility and enhanced bioavailability. Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have been developed that have significant benefits, simultaneously improving bioavailability, stability, and specific drug delivery in response to certain stimuli such as light, pH, redox, and magnetic fields. We discuss the smart delivery methods, including nanocarriers and stimuli-responsive controlled release technologies for flavonoid delivery.

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Smart Delivery Systems and Controlled Release of Flavonoids

  • Shalini Sharma,
  • Pallavi Agrawal,
  • Subodh Kumar

摘要

Flavonoids are phenolic hydroxylated compounds and are naturally produced by plants as secondary metabolites. Various plant products, such as fruits, seeds, wine, tea, vegetables, nuts, and honey, are abundantly rich in flavonoids. The biological function of flavonoids depends on several factors, including structure, extent of polymerization, degree of hydroxylation, substitutions, and conjugations. Flavonoids have garnered significant attention among researchers, as they possess a wide array of pharmacological effects, including antioxidative, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, coronary heart disease prevention, free-radical scavenging, anti-atherosclerotic, and anticancer activities. Low aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism in the gastrointestinal region, and poor oral bioavailability have restricted their clinical and practical applications. In the last decade, advanced nanocarrier systems have been designed for the delivery of flavonoids to address these challenges. Encapsulation of flavonoids in organic and inorganic types of nanocarriers, such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, and nanogels, showed improved solubility and enhanced bioavailability. Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have been developed that have significant benefits, simultaneously improving bioavailability, stability, and specific drug delivery in response to certain stimuli such as light, pH, redox, and magnetic fields. We discuss the smart delivery methods, including nanocarriers and stimuli-responsive controlled release technologies for flavonoid delivery.