Poverty alleviation relocation is the most challenging and time-consuming systematic project in the process of poverty alleviation, involving such aspects as livelihood security and follow-up development of the relocated people. By 2020, decisive progress had been made in poverty alleviation relocation during the 13th Five-year Plan period, and it entered a new stage, with a focus on follow-up support. To address the issue of follow-up support for people relocated from poverty-stricken areas, the research team of Renmin University of China conducted case studies from July to August 2020 in Jingyuan and Gulang counties in Gansu Province. They held detailed discussion with related officials in local government themed on the specific process of poverty alleviation relocation and related follow-up supports, and conducted household interviews and questionnaire surveys.