Optimization of  \(K_{v}\) (Voltage Constant) Required for MPP Tracking of Solar PV System

Solar energy has significant potential to meet the escalating energy demand worldwide. The PV system should consistently operate at the maximum power point (MPP) to optimize its efficiency. However, varying irradiance and temperature cause PV output to fluctuate and a notable reduction in power output occurs. Several maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are developed to maintain the maximum operating point of the PV panel. This paper has analyzed the variation of the voltage constant \(K_{v}\) , required for the voltage scaling method. MATLAB simulations are performed on three different PV panel ratings, with irradiance and temperature varied across five distinct values. The voltage constant \(K_v\) varies with mismatched irradiance and temperature. It is noticed that in a specific temperature range of \(20\,^\circ \) C– \(50\,^\circ \) C the \(K_v\) lies between 0.75 and 0.85. The V-P and V-I characteristics for varying temperatures and irradiances obtained from the simulation are shown. Also, the variation of \(K_v\) with temperature and irradiance is represented. Finally, it is concluded that for the voltage scaling MPPT method, corresponding to each varying temperature and irradiance, the optimal \(K_v\) value has to be used to achieve the MPP.