Phase Change Materials in Photovoltaics: A Comprehensive Review on Temperature Regulation and Efficiency Enhancement

The use of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) in photovoltaic (PV) systems to improve thermal management and electrical efficiency is examined in this research. The classification and characteristics of PCMs—such as organic, inorganic, and eutectic substances—as well as their specific applications in PV modules to lower heat peaks and lengthen system lifetime are covered in detail. In addition to comparing PCM-enhanced cooling tactics with more avant-garde techniques like hybrid PV-thermal systems and nanofluids, the study also examines more conventional cooling strategies like air and water. Much focus is placed on the difficulties and developments in PCM technology, emphasizing how practical thermal energy storage is for preserving ideal operating temperatures and avoiding efficiency losses in photovoltaic cells. The analysis highlights important research avenues for improving thermal conductivity, stability, and integration methods in PCM technologies. Through an analysis of current trends and experimental data, this study demonstrates how PCMs have the potential to revolutionize temperature management in photovoltaic systems, ultimately resulting in more efficient and sustainable solar energy solutions.