The preceding chapters have established the mathematical analysis and control architecture of space vectors for electric machines; this chapter discusses topics related to algorithm implementation. First, the four-coil primitive machine is cast into a unified field-oriented control (FOC) architecture, which is then adapted to PMSMs and induction motors respectively. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is explained from first principles: the eight basic voltage vectors of a three-phase inverter, the volt-second balance principle for synthesizing an arbitrary rotating voltage vector, and the seven-segment modulation logic that converts a voltage command into switch duty cycles. A direct torque control (DTC) paradigm is also constructed from the stator flux perspective, with its sector logic and voltage vector selection table presented. The chapter then provides an overview of the hardware architecture of an automotive motor controller: power module selection, DC-link capacitor design, gate drive isolation, thermal management, and current sensing, followed by a description of the layered software architecture. Finally, it outlines the practical engineering issues of rotor position sensing for PMSMs, as well as the voltage–current and current–speed flux observers required for rotor field orientation in induction machines.