This paper employs the Lotka-Volterra model as its theoretical foundation to construct a framework for analyzing the evolutionary mechanisms of regional low-altitude economic systems. It conducts an in-depth examination of Shenzhen’s low-altitude industry development and explores the differentiated impacts of various development pathways on this sector. The objective is to reveal how policy interventions shape the evolutionary trajectory of Shenzhen’s low-altitude economic ecosystem. Based on the evolutionary outcomes, solutions addressing developmental challenges are proposed. The research seeks to promote the sustainable development of Shenzhen’s low-altitude economy, offering insights and recommendations to support the city’s vision of becoming the world’s first low-altitude economy hub.